It's not windows related problem it's n3ds problem it takes a few try and restarts to make that work better use ftpd to transfer file via wifiWindows update disabled the old version of SMB that the 3ds uses for security reasons. You need to re-enable it again.
https://gbatemp.net/threads/microsd-management-is-no-longer-working-on-my-windows.386646/page-2 Top post on that page. It's from SMB 1.0 being disabled to protect from the wannacry virus.It's not windows related problem it's n3ds problem it takes a few try and restarts to make that work better use ftpd to transfer file via wifi
You just got lucky and have a rare wifi adapter that is actually supported by windows...Weirdly both the Windows 10 Internet sharing and micro sd management work normally using my 3ds and my computer... The main wifi in my 3ds is my computer's hotspot...