I've mentioned this on a couple other threads, but I think this is a fun topic to think about. I'll add a couple interesting points I've come across on this topic that stuck with me:
Language is inherently limited and vague. Cutting through the vagueness requires a lot more words, explaining, agreeing on definitions, etc. This is discussed in
Noson Yanofsky's "The Outer Limits of Reason", I remember it being mentioned in a Vsauce video many years ago and it was the first time I had really been introduced to that concept.
We're also pretty much wired to use causal patterns to determine our realities, and that is the very mechanism that allows us to fool ourselves. It's why correlative arguments are so common, and why the primary goal with Science is to weed out bias.
I thought John Vervanke did a great job explaining this in his series. It's a massive work, but part of the argument he makes is built upon explanations of how our thinking works, based on the Science, which goes over what we're talking about to a degree:
https://www.meaningcrisis.co/episode-2-flow-metaphor-and-the-axial-revolution/
The part I'm referring to begins at "So implicit learning." in the transcript. It doesn't read very well - I prefer the video format.
These are present with any form of communication, but with us being so adept at fooling ourselves, it doesn't surprise me when I see people defending foolish arguments with a completely unjustified level of certainty. Having honest, productive disagreements takes some real work and when you can't immediately get on the same page with somebody it can feel frustrating because it feels strongly like "they just don't get it" or "they just won't listen". I feel it also requires recognizing your own limitations and being open to adapting what you believe and why.