An update wouldn't brick your Wii U and vWii is completely separate from Wii U mode so that shouldn't affect it either.
Based on some quick googling around that error message appears related to the NAND corruption issue some people experienced (the infamous Smash Bros corruption, but apparently it can be caused by other things too, note this is referring to the Wii U game and not Brawl), usually this manifests with an error message upon trying to start the affected game, but if the console is formatted afterwards it renders the system unbootable. In your case it seems like the Wii U Menu savedata itself might've gotten corrupted, which is unfortunate.
Edit: Oh, since you have CBHC it could also be possible that it's the DS VC savegame that got corrupted. But functionally, it doesn't make a lot of difference since the DS VC loads in place of the Wii U menu and as long as that isn't working there's no way to get to the Wii U menu anyway.
Are you able to get to the profile selection and do you have another profile on the console? Loading another profile might help as it will use a different save slot. If you're able to boot the system with a different save slot, there is a way to recover.
Reddit has the solution on how to fix the corruption but that will only work if you're able to boot the system through another profile. And it may not work for your specific brick since it isn't tied to a game and I'm not sure you can even delete Wii U menu save data that way but if you can boot the system with another profile, there are ways to manually delete the save data with homebrew.