Afraid I have not had to properly tangle with andrIOS debugging/ROM hacking of random programs to get into serious specifics or suggestions. Most of the above was the general case really or how I would approach it for systems I know in earnest (most systems work the same really, and I have seen enough fun and games from andrIOS over the years to know tools of such potency do exist there). Sucks that there are no credits and their support is not being helpful, was mostly noted to just be complete (though most such things that skip credits tend to be Japanese or Korean games so that does raise the possibility of a CD or virtual download somewhere, one would have hoped the support or site would have mentioned it but hey).
Debug modes and virtual machines (emulators by any other name) then being what I seek, which may well mean root and unlocked modes required as apparently Google and Apple know better what you should be doing. Whether the more limited debug options available to mere mortals will do I don't know.
Virtual machines by virtue of running on a host system mean you can dump the whole thing from that. They are quite powerful for this and can dodge a lot of protections and hardware limitations too.
Debug modes will hopefully at least allow you to grab the memory associated with an application.
If there is a hibernate mode then that also by necessity means a memory dump happens, though this is less of a thing on mobile phones from what I have seen.
Bluestacks would be an example of a virtual machine, though a limited one compared to some others (if it works in the X86 version of android in virtualbox that offers quite a bit more to play with).
Booting it is probably the wrong term. I was thinking more that for most hacking purposes I don't care if the emulator looks like a mess with graphical glitches everywhere and takes 3 seconds to register a key press (give or take having to play to a certain point) -- if it gets in then I can poke at its memory to make cheats, as long as it plays in something like real time (even if it means looking at a blank wall) I can do the loop back audio, if I can use a debugger then I can do all that entails and I can see if my theories about the game files also work by changing things to see the results and so on and so on.
On MOD/IT/S3M (though you could extend this to various other audio formats -- they all tend to have fingerprints) then sucks that the thing is not given away nice and easy. Keep it in mind if you do eventually get a nice unencrypted RAM dump, asset dump or something.
Network intercept stuff is going to be harder. There are many things you can play with here
Most will probably start out with a packet scanner
https://www.wireshark.org/ being the most well known, though some still go for
http://www.tcpdump.org/
This will grab all packets as they pass through your connection/adapter.
However modern network setups mean on wireless only the intended machine gets the data (older stuff would encrypt it but anybody with the encryption would get it, one of the reasons why you were told to check for SSL or use a VPN in coffee shops/libraries/public wifi a few years back as such things got very easy -- see "firesheep"), and it has been many many years since wired networks broadcast everything every which way. To that end on a PC doing it yourself for a PC program is not so bad, and if you set your PC as a wireless access point (or have it act as a gateway* whether by legit means or by doing an ARP poisoning hack**) then you can grab stuff as it passes through.
There are other tools that people might use for PC purposes
http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/cports.html that might have less info but still good, and maybe easier to parse. Nirsoft have some wonderful tools as well (their password viewers are good stuff) and related to the filesystem thing (though obviously for Windows) is ofview --
https://www.nirsoft.net/utils/opened_files_view.html .
*most don't tend to do this in a home scenario, however businesses usually will as a site blocker and monitor for their staff.
**it was a suggested method for a pokemon related hack on the 3ds a few years back... even among the self selected users of this site the screw ups there were a sight to behold. As doing this would mean you probably then get to power off and restart every device on your network... Still an option however.
Modern non server versions of windows also have very limited network abilities (see raw sockets, or indeed the lack thereof since an early service pack for Windows XP) but that should matter less if you are only doing packet grabbing.
Anyway for most then packet grabbing typically means they set their wireless card (or an extra one) as an access point for their device of choice, bridge the connection (presumably to a wired one unless you are using multiple wireless cards) and sit in the middle grabbing packets.
Encrypted data (there was a big push to put everything they can over SSL the other year, and it is not so hard on servers these days) then mainly being junk, other than noting where it is going and how much of it happened. You can try to do things like man in the middle attacks as you note the session keys and do things there but that is getting into more big boy hacker territory.
Sucks that sound effects come along for the ride to spoil the loop back option. For the sake of stating the obvious then I assume you tried to find a quiet corner of whatever map without any background waterfalls, enemies attacking you or the like. Depending upon how quick the looped/repeated sections happen you might be able to reconstruct the audio if you are bored enough (if you have a piano motif marred by swordplay then maybe wait until it returns and see if that part is cleaner before copy pasting that over the older version, you can also play with inversion*** if you can get a clean version of the background sound effects, which you might if the music slider means only sound effects get played).
For some games then sometimes people force other tracks to be played in quiet areas, though poking memory and program flow might set off a cheat alarm which might then cost you your account so be careful with that one (or you can try your hand at finding whatever cheat detection they have and disabling it, good luck on that one). Similarly you might (there are ways to code it that will make that harder) be able to force the audio uncoupled from the sound effects slider but again anti cheat will be a concern.
*opposite waves cancel each other out. Audacity then having a nice invert option (try it if you want -- make a track, even a sine tone will do, duplicate it and invert one of them). Not as useful in most game audio mixes as max volume tends to be the default leaving no room for other things to be recovered but has been used in the past.
