Hold on a minute. Your disk drive is not bad. Your drivers aren't wrong.
You sir, have a virus. You need to have a look in regedit. malwarebytes isn't picking it up because it has a key registered in hkeylocalmachine.
You are going to need a better agent to find the virus. I would suggest kasperky tdsskiller, rkill, malwarebyte, hitman pro, adwcleaner. First thing is first. Lets uninstall google chrome and anything associated with it. (there is a real good chance the virus is using chrome to send. since you say it just closes) Then run kasperky tdsskiller and next run rkill. Since youve killed the malware process with rkill you can run malwarbytes.
Now, we run adwcleaner first and remove everything it checks as bad and save the report to your desktop as txt. Then we run hitman pro wait for it to finish and get rid of anything it marks as bad and again save the report as txt to your desktop. From there we will fun regedit and key in hkeylocalmachine. Now, take both txt files and open them up so we can view both on the fly. Lets look to see if we have keys stored for any of the deleted viruses. If/when they are found lets delete them.
What you have is a virus that is running it's process as system and using telemetry to send. it's some sort of spybot and if memory serves me right it was simply referred to as windows telemetry center. Although it could be any virus now. But you for sure have a virus. Malwarebytes alone is sadly just not enough these days. Somewhere along the lines you have picked up a virus and it has a valid key. (meaning you installed it via embedded in a program) One other place to check would be in your sun jre that is found usually in your pc c drive under programs. Check there and make sure you for some odd reason might have been given an spoicy.policy file. That will enable any java process to execute reguardless of whether its good or bad.
If you need help with any of this pm me. I will be on my computer all weekend working on a project. If I don't respond fast enough then use google. (If the question is asked correctly google will help really well)
Anyway have fun hunting the beast that is killing your pc down.